Today, city people want to spend their long holidays in different places as much as their free time allows, and this ensures the diversification of tourism types of touristic places. For this reason, the search for alternative tourism is diversified not only in the context of tourism types, but also in the context of the natural and cultural characteristics of the place to be visited. Ecological-based tourism, which emerges as a result of the search for alternative tourism, is to enable the development of a tourism understanding that is shaped according to natural and cultural values ??and allows the sustainability of these values. In this study, ecological-based tourism opportunities in Ordu Persembe-Fatsa coastal region were discussed and the natural and cultural landscape values ??of the study area were examined. The ecological tourism potential of the area was evaluated in the study, which was carried out with on-site observation and examination method.

The impacts of urbanization on landscapes and ecosystems have been increasing globally. How urban landscape is shaped, in other words designed, is a fundamental human activity in terms of urban sustainability. Landscape is often dealed with mostly by aesthetic concerns which presents sustainable/ecological/natural qualities only at formal level, is limited by legislative framework, hardly responds to human needs and behavioral patterns and lacks a holistic approach within the Turkish spatial design practice. This study aims to develop a landscape matrix in the example of Istanbul (Golden Horn) region as an open space operation model within the existing urban texture, which the built environment has been represented with different layers of historical developments. The matrix presented in this study presents a design process on the basis of urban ecology as well as the physical and social relations of the study area located in the Golden Horn, one of the cultural identity values of Istanbul, formed by urban layers belonging to different historical periods. It is thought that the construction of the coastal and hinterland relationship through the open space system both contributes to the dissolution of the urban texture towards the coastal zone and strengthens the character of the waterfront.

Global warming and climate change threaten the future of world. The effects of climate change, which expresses the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, and the differences in precipitation, are now felt all over the world, from the highest peaks to the ocean depths, from the equator to the poles. While climate change creates negative effects on forests, it also causes destruction in the natural carbon cycle. Primary forest trees and forest areas, which directly contribute to the economy, are also of vital importance for people and other living things that are part of the ecosystem. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of global climate change on main forest tree species through the climate change models of the future and present and to evaluate what kind of effects, problems and results emerge. As a result, it is seen that most of main tree species will not be able to adapt to climate change, the distribution areas of the species will decrease and even of them will face the danger of extinction.

Lake Namak is a remnant of the Paratethys Sea, which forms Lake Urmia, the Caspian Sea, and other water bodies in Iran. Besides being a small salt lake, the lake is located 790 meters above sea level and is fed by the Qom River. However, with the effect of drought in recent years, decreasing surface water and increasing salinity have caused the lake to dry up. In this study, the spatial-temporal changes of Lake Namak between the years 2001-2021 -in three decades-; Calculated using Landsat 5-TM, Landsat 7-ETM+, and Landsat 8-OLI images. In this study, Normalized Differential Water Index (NDWI), Modified Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Water Ratio Index (WRI), and Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI), which allows surface water extraction from Landsat data, were examined. As a result, the changes in the water surface that occurred in the 20-year period were compared spatially (km²) and it was determined that the NDWI index, which has a relatively high accuracy rate, can be used as a more useful method in determining the surface water compared to other indexes.

As a result of the negative effects of human activities on nature, greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere have also increased. Global warming due to this increase is described as climate change, which is one of the biggest environmental problems today, and its effect is felt gradually. The direction of the effects felt is global and has a negative course. Many international meetings and studies are carried out to reduce the impact of climate change. However, no concrete results can be obtained. Failure to achieve the required result can be shown as the countries not making enough efforts and the developed countries not attempting to reduce their excess energy use. The Paris Agreement, which has been accepted by many countries on climate change on the international platform, is the first agreement to deal with the absorption of greenhouse gases, global warming and climate change. In this study, the situation of our country, which has declared that it will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 as a party to the agreement, and the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26) are evaluated from an ecological perspective and information about the literature is included.

In this study, the recreational areas in the city of Antalya, which have intensive use, were observed and the effects of the auditory landscape on the users were revealed. For this purpose; The survey was conducted for the whole of Antalya, sound pressure level measurements and sound walkings were conducted in 4 recreational areas (Cumhuriyet Square, Konyaalti coast road, Kaleiçi Marina, Karaalioglu Park) in Antalya city center. The survey was completed with 394 people. The results were analyzed and tables and graphs were created. Measurements were made in 4 selected areas and sound pressure levels of these areas ranged between 61-70 dB. Konyaalti coast road is the most noisy and Karaalioglu Park is the quietest area. It was found that the most important factor in the areas where the sound level was measured was traffic noise. In addition to the visual expectations of the users, it was concluded that there is a need for planning and design studies to be performed considering the auditory expectations.